In 1860, the North had nine of the ten largest cities. Twenty million people, more than a fifth of them recent immigrants, provided a large pool of soldiers and of workers for farms and factories. Rail networks of more than 22,000 miles carried shipments of food and equipment from farms to cities. The North started the Civil War with big advantages over the South, especially in terms of manufacturing power, food supplies, and number of people. Many lived in areas where the armies fought or marched through. People on the home front had to deal with inflation, lack of supplies, sicknesses and long times with no news of their loved ones. Women had to feed and care for families while taking over the duties that their husbands had before the war. However, civilians on both sides were also caught up in and forever changed by the war. The Civil War changed the lives of the soldiers involved.
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